Tierras agrícolas abandonadas para introducir el lince ibérico/Abandoned agricultural land to reintroducing Iberian Lynx

Científicos españoles han desarrollado un modelo que determina las zonas agrícolas con mayor potencial de restauración para la mejora del hábitat del lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), en peligro de extinción. El estudio demuestra que los olivares de baja producción cercanos al Parque Natural de la Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro (Córdoba), único lugar con Doñana donde habita esta especie, son las más adecuadas.

Investigadores del Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera de la Junta de Andalucía (IFAPA) han analizado el impacto y el riesgo de abandono de los olivares de montaña para proponer un tipo de gestión (convencional, integrada o ecológica) de este tipo de plantaciones, o su reconversión al bosque mediterráneo.

El riesgo de abandono de los olivares “se debe a su localización, con graves implicaciones socioeconómicas (principalmente de abandono de la población de las zonas rurales) y ambientales (erosión y riesgo de incendios)”, explica a SINC Manuel Arriaza, director del trabajo e investigador del IFAPA. “A pesar de ser olivares de baja producción y altos costes de producción estas zonas tienen un alto valor medioambiental”, añade Arriaza.

La investigación, que se ha publicado recientemente en el Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, ha desarrollado el modelo general a partir de varios ‘Sistemas de Información Geográfica’ (SIG), y ha considerado, además, la opinión de expertos sobre las funciones comerciales y no comerciales de los olivares, así como la de 480 personas de la provincia de Córdoba sobre la importancia que la sociedad otorga a estas funciones en estas zonas agrícolas.

Los científicos evaluaron las funciones socioeconómicas (producción de aceite de oliva y fijación de la población rural), medioambientales (lucha contra la erosión, prevención de incendios, preservación y mejora de la biodiversidad, con el caso específico del hábitat del lince ibérico), y culturales.




Spanish scientists have developed a model to identify the agricultural areas with the greatest potential for restoring the habitat of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), which is at risk of extinction. The study shows that olive groves with low production close to the Natural Park of the Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro, in Córdoba - which is the only place, along with Doñana, where this species lives - are the most appropriate sites for this purpose.

Researchers from the regional government of Andalusia's Institute for Agricultural and Fishing Research and Training (IFAPA) have studied the impact and risk of these mountain olive groves being abandoned, in order to come up with an appropriate management system for them (conventional, mixed or organic), or to suggest they should be reconverted to Mediterranean forest.

The risk of these olive groves being abandoned is "due to their location, which has serious socioeconomic implications (mainly in terms of the population leaving rural areas) and environmental ones (erosion and risk of fires)", Manuel Arriaza, director of the study and a researcher at the IFAPA, tells SINC. "Although the olive groves have low production levels and high production costs, they are areas with great environmental value", adds Arriaza.

The general model of the research study, which has been published recently in the Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, was developed using various Geographical Information Systems (GISs), and also took into account experts' opinions about the commercial and non-commercial functions of the olive groves, as well as those of 480 people in the province of Córdoba about the importance that society places on these functions in agricultural areas.

The scientists evaluated the socioeconomic functions (olive oil production and retention of the rural population), environmental ones (prevention of erosion and fires, conservation and improvement of biodiversity, with special focus on the habitat of the Iberian lynx), and cultural ones.

Tomado de/Taken from Plataforma SINC (English version)

Publicación científica/Research paper
Restoration of abandoned agricultural lands toward habitats for umbrella species
O. Nekhay and M. Arriaza
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2009 7(2), 375-389
Abstract
This study analyzes the suitability of agricultural lands with risk of abandonment for restoration to suitable habitats for animal species of conservation interest. As a case study, the main focus was on olive plantations (Olea europaea L.) of mountainous areas of Southern Spain and the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus Temminck, 1827). The method weighs the judgement of experts on the effect of landscape elements on the habitat via an analytic hierarchy process and spots areas most suitable for restoration through geographical information systems. The results suggest that the edge of major agricultural areas and areas with natural vegetation adjacent to the Natural Park of Sierra de Cardeña and Montoro would be most suitable for restoration of the lynx habitat. The precise location of olive groves suitable for restoration are discussed, as revealed by experts’ decision-making processes. The main interest of the study relies on the potential of the method to combine territorial analysis with biological requirements of endangered species to facilitate their dispersal.